Excision of skin is a surgical procedure performed to remove a section of skin, typically to treat or diagnose various dermatological conditions. This procedure is commonly used to remove skin lesions, such as moles, cysts, lipomas, warts, and skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Excision is often necessary when a lesion is suspected to be malignant or precancerous, grows rapidly, changes in appearance, or causes symptoms such as pain, itching, or bleeding. The excised tissue is usually sent to a laboratory for histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis and ensure clear margins, meaning that no cancerous cells are left at the edges of the removed tissue. The primary causes for excising skin include the presence of abnormal growths or lesions that pose a health risk or create cosmetic concerns. Skin cancers, the most common reason for skin excisions, are primarily caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, which damages skin cells. Other causes include genetic predisposition, immune suppression, chronic skin inflammation, or previous radiation therapy. Benign lesions, such as moles or cysts, may be excised if they become bothersome, are located in an area of frequent irritation, or exhibit suspicious changes in size, color, or shape. Symptoms that may lead to the excision of skin include the presence of a new or changing mole or lesion, persistent sores that do not heal, lesions that bleed or become crusty, and changes in skin texture or color. In some cases, excision is performed to alleviate discomfort caused by benign growths that may be painful or prone to infection due to their location. Complications of skin excision are generally rare but can include bleeding, infection, scarring, and changes in skin sensation due to nerve damage. The extent and visibility of scarring depend on the size and location of the excision and the individual's healing process. In some cases, additional treatments such as reconstructive surgery or skin grafting may be necessary, especially if a large area of skin is removed. Patients are typically advised on how to care for the wound post-operatively to promote healing and minimize the risk of complications. This care may include keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding sun exposure, and following up with their healthcare provider to monitor healing and assess for any signs of infection or other issues. Excision of skin is a straightforward and effective method for diagnosing and treating various skin conditions, providing both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits.
